# VPCI Also known as: volume price confirmation indicator. A Volume & Order Flow concept (Volume behavior) in the LuxAlgo Library, with 1 indicator implementation. ## What is the Volume Price Confirmation Indicator (VPCI)? The Volume Price Confirmation Indicator (VPCI) is Buff Pelz Dormeier's measure of whether volume confirms or contradicts the price trend. It compares volume-weighted and simple moving averages of the same length: when a window's heavier volume traded at higher prices, the [VWMA](https://www.luxalgo.com/library/concept/vwma/) sits above the [SMA](https://www.luxalgo.com/library/concept/sma/), and the gap is read as volume supporting the advance. VPCI multiplies that long-window gap by two short-window factors, so recent shifts in volume amplify or damp the reading. Dormeier, a Chartered Market Technician, introduced the indicator in 'Between Price and Volume' (Technical Analysis of Stocks & Commodities, July 2007); his paper on it received the 2007 Charles H. Dow Award, and he expanded on it in Investing with Volume Analysis (2011). His framing is confirmation versus contradiction: price and VPCI rising together describe an advance that volume supports, while price rising as VPCI falls describes one that volume is not backing. ## How it's calculated VPCI is the product of three moving-average comparisons. Dormeier defined the components; the window lengths are inputs. ``` VWMA_n = Σ(C × V, n) / Σ(V, n) VPC = VWMA_L - SMA_L VPR = VWMA_S / SMA_S VM = SMA(V, S) / SMA(V, L) VPCI = VPC × VPR × VM C: closing price V: volume S: short window in bars (5 is a common default in community versions) L: long window in bars (20 is a common default in community versions) n: window length, S or L Σ(x, n): sum of x over the last n bars VWMA_n: volume-weighted moving average of the close over n bars SMA_n: simple moving average of the close over n bars SMA(V, n): simple moving average of volume over n bars VPC: volume-price confirmation or contradiction, the long-window VWMA minus SMA VPR: volume-price ratio, the short-window VWMA divided by SMA VM: volume multiplier, short-window average volume over long-window average volume ``` VPC carries the sign; VPR and VM are positive scale factors that amplify or damp it. Because VPC is a price difference, raw VPCI scales with the instrument's price, so readings compare within one chart rather than across symbols. Many implementations add a signal line, a moving average of VPCI, for crossover signals. ## How traders use it - Trend confirmation: a rising VPCI alongside rising price says the advance is drawing its volume at higher prices, a reason to stay with the trend rather than an entry trigger. - Contradiction warnings: new price highs while VPCI declines is the indicator's version of [volume divergence](https://www.luxalgo.com/library/concept/volume-divergence/), a sign that participation is not following price. - Mechanical triggers: crosses of VPCI over its own moving average, and through zero, are the common signal rules. - As a filter for other signals: Dormeier's 2007 article paired it with MACD crossovers, using VPCI readings to confirm or veto them. - With care in declines: falling-market readings are less intuitive, and Dormeier later revised his own description of the falling-price cases, so downtrend signals deserve extra testing. ## VPCI vs related volume tools - **VWMA** (https://www.luxalgo.com/library/concept/vwma/): VPCI's raw material. Comparing a VWMA with a same-length SMA gives the basic confirmation read; VPCI formalizes that gap and scales it by short-term volume behavior. - **Volume Divergence** (https://www.luxalgo.com/library/concept/volume-divergence/): The qualitative read of shrinking participation into new extremes. VPCI turns the same question into a continuous line that can be crossed, thresholded and tested. - **OBV** (https://www.luxalgo.com/library/concept/obv/): OBV accumulates whole-bar volume by close direction and is read through its slope and divergences. VPCI measures where volume traded within rolling windows, so it has no arbitrary starting point to drift from. ## FAQ ### Who invented the VPCI? Buff Pelz Dormeier, CMT, who published it in Stocks & Commodities in July 2007. His research on it won the 2007 Charles H. Dow Award, and he covered it further in his book Investing with Volume Analysis (2011). Dormeier's name is also attached to the [volume-weighted MACD](https://www.luxalgo.com/library/concept/volume-weighted-macd/). ### What settings should I use for VPCI? The short and long windows are inputs, and Dormeier presented the indicator as usable on any timeframe with suitable lengths. Community versions commonly default to 5 and 20 bars. Longer windows make the read steadier and slower; there is no universally best pair, so test on the market you trade. ### What does a negative VPCI mean? That the long window's heavier volume traded below its simple average price, so the VWMA sits under the SMA. In a decline that describes volume concentrated on the way down; during an advance it is a contradiction, price rising without volume at the higher prices. ## Implementations in the Library - Volume Price Confirmation Indicator (LuxAlgo): https://www.luxalgo.com/library/indicator/vpci/ ## Related concepts - Relative Volume: https://www.luxalgo.com/library/concept/relative-volume/ - Volume Spike: https://www.luxalgo.com/library/concept/volume-spike/ - Volume at Breakout: https://www.luxalgo.com/library/concept/volume-at-breakout/ - Volume Dry-up: https://www.luxalgo.com/library/concept/volume-dry-up/ - Volume Oscillator: https://www.luxalgo.com/library/concept/volume-oscillator/ - PVO: https://www.luxalgo.com/library/concept/pvo/ - Up/down Volume Ratio: https://www.luxalgo.com/library/concept/up-down-volume-ratio/ - Pocket Pivot: https://www.luxalgo.com/library/concept/pocket-pivot/ - Volume Divergence: https://www.luxalgo.com/library/concept/volume-divergence/ - Bill Williams Market Facilitation Index: https://www.luxalgo.com/library/concept/bill-williams-market-facilitation-index/ --- Source: https://www.luxalgo.com/library/concept/vpci/ (LuxAlgo Library, the encyclopedia of trading & technical analysis). Free to use with attribution: https://www.luxalgo.com/library/license/