Concept family

Market Structure

Swings and the HH/HL grammar, BOS/CHoCH, ranges, and Dow foundations.

Market structure is the grammar of swings: higher highs and higher lows, the breaks and character changes that end them, and the ranges in between. Its foundations are Charles Dow’s trend definitions from the 1890s; its modern dialects (BOS, CHoCH, internal versus external structure) power most price-action systems in the Library.

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Dow Theory

Where trend-following began: the tenets that still define an uptrend.

3 indicators

Break of Structure

The swing break that confirms trend continuation.

22 indicators

Change of Character

The first structural crack that warns a trend may be ending.

22 indicators

Swing grammar

Swing High/low33 Swing Structure Grammar29 Zigzag Structure20 Multi-timeframe Structure Alignment5 Williams Fractal5 Fractal Nesting3 Swing Magnitude Filters3 Pivot Strength1

Structure events

Break of Structure22 Change of Character22 Impulse Leg4 Swing Failure Pattern4 Corrective Leg3 Internal vs External Structure3 Turtle Soup3 1-2-3 Reversal1 Compression Into Level1 Expansion → Retracement → Consolidation Cycle1 Livermore Pivotal Point1 Strong vs Weak Swings1Measured MoveStructure Invalidation

Range anatomy

Trading Range13 False Breakout5 Accumulation vs Distribution Ranges3 Deviation Above/below Range3 Breakout-pullback-continuation2Parabolic PhaseRe-accumulationRe-distribution

Dow Theory

Dow Theory3